The PC Tech Blog

Software Every PC Technician Needs

2011-04-13T12:28:00.000-07:00

This post will discuss software that I have found essential as a PC technician. This article is not intended as a step-by-step guide nor is it intended as a list of every app that technicians will ever need. It is simply an overview of software that I find fundamental to the PC technician.

Malware Removal

We already discussed my process for Malware Removal in a previous post. Here's a recap of the software that I use:

MalwareBytes Anti-Malware is one of the best malicious software removal tools available.

SUPERAntiSpyware is another excellent malicious software removal tool. Plus, it comes in a portable version.

ComboFix is great at root kit removal.

While CCleaner is not a malware removal tool, it is great at cleaning up junk before purging a system of malicious software. It also has an excellent portable version.

Live CDs

One of my favorite tools is Ultimate Boot CD for Windows. It is a boot CD based on Bart PE. The entire list of tools included with UBCD4Win is far too long to go into here. But, it includes anti-virus, backup, diagnostic, recovery, password, registry, and benchmarking tools. It is well worth your time to build a CD(or USB drive).

Another Live CD to add to your collection is Ubuntu. This user friendly Linux distribution includes a long list of tools as well. Plus, you can install additional software as needed.

Remote Software

I have found three way of supporting users remotely that I like.

First is Remote Assistant. It is built into Windows and works great. Also good are LogMeIn and DameWare. Try them out and see what works for you.

Misc.

When users have their email applications remember their password for them, they often forget the password when the time comes to migrate to new hardware. Mail Pass View solves this. It can recover lost passwords for many different email apps.

Another thing that users can forget or misplace is product keys. ProduKey has this covered. It can recover product keys for both Windows and Office.

No matter how hard Microsoft tries, Windows XP just won't die. Technicians still spend a lot of time supporting it. I have found that nLite is essential for keeping my XP install CDs up-to-date with the latest Service Packs and patches. Not only that, you can customize the install disk in innumerable ways. It does take a while to download all the updates and set up the CD. But, in the long run, it saves countless hours of downloading updates for each individPC that you service.

A great companion to nLite is DriverPacks. With DriverPacks you can slipstream drivers for practically every hardware device under the sun. You can also create a stand alone disk for updating drivers.

Best for last...

Google. Okay, not really software, but it is vital for every PC technician. It is impossible to know or remember everything about all of the different versions of Windows, much less every application that one may encounter. I use Google all the time to research everything from error messages to how to install a low voltage power supply on a particular HP Laserjet model. Again, Google is indispensable.

Do you have any favorites that are not listed? Let's hear about them. Leave a comment.

Backup Windows Part 3 -- xcopy

2011-04-11T18:02:00.000-07:00

Let's briefly discuss a quick way to backup Windows. I use a batch file that I wrote to quickly backup clients' PCs.

Here it is:

 xcopy /c /d /e /h /i /r /y "%USERPROFILE%\Favorites" "%COMPUTERNAME%\%USERNAME%\Favorites"
xcopy /c /d /e /h /i /r /y "%USERPROFILE%\Desktop" "%COMPUTERNAME%\%USERNAME%\Desktop"
xcopy /c /d /e /h /i /r /y "%USERPROFILE%\My Documents" "%COMPUTERNAME%\%USERNAME%\My Documents"
xcopy /c /d /e /h /i /r /y "%USERPROFILE%\Documents" "%COMPUTERNAME%\%USERNAME%\Documents"
xcopy /c /d /e /h /i /r /y "%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook\*.pst"
xcopy /c /d /e /h /i /r /y "%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Outlook\*.pst"

echo Backup Complete!
@pause

This quick script copies the user's Favorites, Desktop, My Documents(Documents in the case of Vista and Windows 7) and the Outlook .pst file.

This script will work for either XP or Vista/Windows 7. The /c switch tells xcopy to continue even if it confronts an error. Therefore, when running this script on Windows 7, xcopy simply moves on when it does not find the My Documents folder. Of course, the inverse is true when running the script on XP.

This can be used for migrations or as a regular backup. The /d switch tells xcopy to only copy files that have changed since a certain date. If no date is given, as above, only the files that have a newer source time than the destination will be copied.

Obviously, changes can be made to customize the script as needed. For instance, the entire user profile can be backed up. Also, additional folders, such as the Firefox profile, can be added.

I run this script from an external USB drive and all of the data is copied to that drive. Again, customize the script to copy files to a different location.

Be sure to type xcopy /? at a command prompt to learn what each switch does and also to learn about the switches not included in the above.

If you want to use the above backup script, copy and paste it into notepad and save it as backup.bat. Double-click the file and you're backing up.

Backup Windows Part 2 -- Clonezilla

2011-04-03T10:19:00.000-07:00

Clonezilla Live is the software that we are to discuss in this part of the Backup Windows series. Regardless of my title, one can use Clonezilla to clone any hard drive--not just hard drives with Windows installed. Clonezilla Live is free, Linux based software that allows one to clone (i.e. make an exact copy) of a hard drive. Simply clone your system and if your hard drive catastrophically fails, pop in the clone and boot up.

As always, click on any pictures that are too small to see.

Download Clonezilla Live and burn it to a CD or DVD. Boot to your newly created Clonezilla Live disk. On the opening menu, choose Clonezilla live.

You'll see a lot of scrolling text and finally a menu to choose your language. Since you are reading this blog, we'll assume that your choice is English. On the next menu, unless you have a good reason, choose Don't touch keymap.

Next, choose Start Clonezilla.

Clonezilla can also be used to create an image. In this post, we are discussing cloning. So, on the next menu, select device-device.

On the next menu, select Beginner Mode.

After that, your selection depends on what you want to do. There are four options presented. Select disk_to_local_disk to clone an entire hard drive to another hard drive on the same PC. Choose disk_to_remote_disk to clone an entire hard drive to a hard drive on your network. Select part_to_local_part to clone a particular partition to another partition on the same PC. Choose part_to_remote_part to clone a particular partition to another partition on your network. In this example, we are choosing disk_to_local_disk. This is probably what you want to do as well.

Next select your source. This is the disk that we are copying. Make sure that you select the right one. If you are not 100% sure. Stop. Find out for sure before you proceed. If you do this backwards, you will wipe out your original hard drive.

Next, select your destination. This is where the exact copy of your source is to be located. Again, be sure that you have chosen correctly. The destination disk will be wiped out. So, only select a destination with no data or one that has data that you don't mind losing.

One limitation to Clonezilla is that the destination hard drive or partition must be at least the same size as the source. It doesn't matter if you have a lot of free, unused space on your source disk. Again, the destination must be at least as big as the source.

Next, press enter to continue. You will have to confirm that you want to proceed twice.

Clonezilla then asks if you want to clone your boot loader. If you plan on using this as a backup in case of a failure of the original hard drive, the answer is yes. Confirm one more time and you're cloning.

Depending on how big your drive is, this can take hours. This is something I try to schedule to do overnight.

After it is finished, you should test your copy to make sure that it boots.

Backup Windows Part 1 -- Backup and Restore

2011-04-02T12:30:00.000-07:00

A couple of days ago was National Backup Day. Okay, we are a little late. Plus, a quick Google search will reveal several National Backup Days. Nevertheless, I was inspired to post a multi-part post on different methods for backing up Windows.

In Part 1, we will discuss using Backup and Restore. Backup and Restore is available in both Vista and Windows 7.

Creating The Backup

Backup and Restore is located here: Start>All Programs>Maintenance>Backup and Restore. Or simply type, "Backup and Restore" in the Search programs and files dialog box at the bottom of the start menu.

The first time that Backup and Restore is run, the backup must be set. Click the Set up backup button.

When the Set Backup Window pops up, select the drive that will serve as the backup drive. This must be a different physical drive from the one that is being backed up. Backing up to a different partition on the same physical disk does not make any sense. If the drive fails, all of the partitions fail and your backup is lost. You may choose a different physical disk in the same computer, a drive on the network, an optical drive, a virtual hard drive(VHD), or a USB drive. This can be changed in the future, if needed.

You will then be given a choice of weather to let Windows choose what to back up or choose yourself.

Explore the options and decide for yourself what best suites your needs.

Once the backup is set, press the Backup now button or schedule a time for backups. The time chosen for backup must be a time when the backup drive is available. Otherwise the backup will fail.

The amount of time that is taken for the backup will depend on how much data you are backing up. If this is the first backup and there is a lot of data, it can take well over an hour.

That's all that needs to be done. Just let it complete.

Restoring From The Backup

To restore a file or folder, open up Backup and Restore and click the Restore my Files button.

A window will popup that allows you to browse or search your backup for files or folders that you need. You can choose a different date to restore from as well.

Once the file(s) are selected, click Next. A new window pops up allowing you to choose weather to restore the file in it's original location or to another location.

That's it. Let it restore the files.

Backup and Restore can also create a system image. More on that in a future post.

How to Remove Malware

2011-03-27T15:11:00.000-07:00

Today's post will demonstrate the method for removing malware the I have developed over the past couple of years. Malware includes virus, spyware, scareware, worm, root kit, or trojan infections.

First, boot the PC into Safe Mode. I always do this--no matter the type or severity of the infection. Booting into Safe Mode accomplishes two things. One, it disables services upon which the malicious software relies. Most of the pop-ups and the 'self defense mechanisms' associated with malware are crippled in Safe Mode. 'Self defense mechanisms' include blocking antivirus software from being installed, detecting the infection, or removing the infection. Two, booting into Safe Mode simply allows the scans to run much faster.

After you have booted into Safe Mode, run the portable version of CCleaner. This will remove a lot of junk and speed up scan times. Start up CCleaner, configure what you want removed by checking or un-checking the various boxes, and click Run Cleaner.

Next, click on the Registry tab and then click Scan for Issues. I have never run into any problems, but go ahead and back up the registry before fixing the issues that it will find. I usually back up the registry to the root of the C:\ drive or somewhere that the client won't find it and mistakenly reinstall it.

Next, install MalwareBytes AnitMalware. MalwareBytes is an excellent malware remover. After you have it installed, update it. If you have just downloaded the installer minutes before installing the software, update it anyway.

Next, return to the Scanner tab and run a Quick Scan. I have never found it necessary to do a Full Scan.

When the scan completes, close the text file that pops up and press the 'Remove Selected' button. Reboot, as instructed. Make sure to reboot into Safe Mode, again.

If you removed several hundred infections. It's a good idea to run the scan again after rebooting.

Next, run the portable version of SuperAntiSpyWare. Yes, it's a horrible name for software(or anything for that matter.) It sounds like something from a Japanese monster movie, but it's also an excellent malware removal tool.

Again, update first.

After updating is complete, click the Scan you Computer... button. Choose Perform Quick Scan and then click the Next Button.

SuperAntiSpyWare takes considerably longer to perform it's scan than MalwareBytes does. Be patient, remove the selected infections, and reboot as instructed. If the system is a x86 (i.e. a 32-bit system) reboot into Safe Mode. We have one more step to perform.

If it is a x64 system, you should be done. Boot the computer normally and check it out. Make sure that everything behaves as it should. Make sure that no proxies are set that shouldn't be set. Browse a few antivirus sites and Microsoft.com. If you can't browse these sites, start the process over from the beginning, the system is still infected. Also try scanning with whatever antivirus software your client already has installed. That is, assuming that it is up to date.

If you are working on a 32-bit system, run ComboFix from Bleeping Computer. Be forewarned, the developers of this software do not want you to run it with out their supervision. That being said, I have run ComboFix countless times and never had any problems. Again, be sure to read the disclaimer.

If ComboFix tells you that it needs an update, update it. If it tells you that the recovery console needs installing, install it. Otherwise, let it run. If ComboFix finds root kits, it may need to reboot the system. Don't do it yourself and don't worry about Safe Mode. Let the software do it's thing.

That should do it. Again, check the system out to see that it behaves as it should. Make sure that no proxies are set that shouldn't be set. (Internet Options>Connections Tab>LAN Settings Button>Proxy Server Section.) As above, browse Microsoft's site and a few big name anti-virus software companies' web sites.

If after performing the above process you find the system still infected, remove the hard drive from the system, slave to another clean system and run MalwareBytes and SuperAntiSpyWare on the infected drive. Also, scan the slaved drive with software like AVG or Microsoft Security Essentials.

Be sure to see an earlier post on how to keep your system from getting infected. After cleaning a system, it is a good idea to go through that process as well.

Changing Forgotten Window's Passwords

2011-03-20T13:58:00.000-07:00

Often times a user will forget their Windows login password. Of course, often times that user will be using the sole administrator account on the computer.

When I am in this situation, I use the Ultimate Boot CD for Windows to reset the password. There are other tools to accomplish this, but UBCD4win is an extremely handy multi-use tool that I think every tech should have in their arsenal. The CD's uses include repairing systems that fail to boot, malware removal, running chkdsk, and a host of others.

Point your browser to http://www.ubcd4win.com/ You'll find everything you need to know to build your own CD.

To reset a password, boot up your CD and open NTPWEdit. One can find it under Start>Programs>Password Tools>NTPWEdit.

Once the application is open, make sure that the path to the SAM(Security Accounts Manager) file is correct and press (Re)open. This is almost always, C:\WINDOWS\system32\config\SAM. If it is not correct, make the necessary changes and then press (Re)open.

A list of accounts will appear. Choose the appropriate account and press Change password. Type the new password in the dialog box that pops up and then verify it by typing it in a second time. If you want a blank password, leave the fields blank and simply hit enter.

Make sure to press Save changes before exiting. Otherwise, well, your changes won't be saved. That's it. Reboot and log into the account. This works on XP, Vista, and Windows 7. It probably works on NT and Windows 2000, as well.

Back up and Restore Network Printers

2011-03-12T09:31:00.000-08:00

Often times in the enterprise environment, when a new PC is deployed, the technician has to set up the network printers that the user had on their previous machine. Often times this can be a fairly long list of printers. Rather than making a note of each printer and restoring them one at a time or dragging the short cuts to a share, the technician can back up and restore a registry key. This key is:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Printers\Connections

There are couple of easy ways to back up this key on the old machine and restore it on the new machine.

Method One

Goto Start>Run>REGEDIT

Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Printers\Connections

Right-click the folder and select Export. Save the .reg file on a network drive or an external hard drive.

Log on to the user's account on the new machine and simply double-click the .reg file. Confirm that you want to add the settings to the registry.

In XP, goto Printers and Faxes. In Vista and Windows 7, goto Devices and Printers. Right click on each printer and select Connect. Right-click on the printer that is to be the default and select Set as default.

Method Two

One can also backup the registry key from the command line. The following command will backup the key to the \\server\share network path. Be sure to put quotes around any paths that have spaces in them. Obviously, modify the command to meet your needs.

REGEDIT /E "\\server\share\printers.reg" "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Printers\Connections"

On the new machine, follow the above directions to restore the network printers.

That's it. You can incorporate method two into a .bat file if you wish.

Use One DVD to Install All Editions of Windows 7

2010-07-26T18:08:00.001-07:00

PC Technicians need to have the ability to install any edition of an operating system that is called for. Windows Vista allowed one to install any edition with one disk. Unfortunately, with the release of Windows 7, Microsoft has removed this ability and left us needing a disk for each edition or SKU(stock-keeping unit). In other words, if you have a Windows 7 Home Premium Edition DVD and need to install Professional, you would need to purchase an additional DVD. However, there are a couple of hacks to get past this.

Please, understand. This is NOT a way pirate a copy of Windows 7. If you install Windows 7 Ultimate, you need an Ultimate key. Period. Your Home Basic key will not work. This method is used to make things easier for technicians.

First, make a directory in the root of your C:\ drive and call it dvd_files and another directory named win_iso. Copy ALL of the files from your install DVD to the newly created dvd_files directory. Now, in the dvd_files directory, navigate to the sources directory and delete the ei.cfg file.

Right, that's it. When this file does not exist, when installing Windows 7, you will see a menu asking which edition of Windows 7 you want to install. You can also edit this file to install a different edition. But, just delete it and you can choose from all of the editions.

Now, we need to make an ISO that can then be burned to a new DVD.

If you don't have Microsoft Windows Automated Installation Kit(AIK) installed, download the iso, burn it to a disk, and install it now.

Once it's installed, from the Start Menu, open Windows AIK's Deployment Tools Command Prompt. Enter the following command:

oscdimg -n -m -bc:\dvd_files\boot\etfsboot.com c:\dvd_files c:\win_iso\windows7.iso

There is NO space between the b and the c. That is NOT a typo. The -n switch allows long file names. The -m switch ignores the maximum size of an image. The first path is to the boot image that the DVD will use. Then next is to the files that will be used to create the ISO. The last is where the ISO will be created. Here's more, if you want to delve deeper into oscdimg.

You may wonder why the Windows AIK is needed. If you use third party tools to create an ISO from the files in dvd_files, it will be incompatible with some older motherboards. The disk will not boot, instead you will receive an error something like, CDBOOT: Cannot boot from CD - Code: 5. This is because Microsoft's "ETFSBOOT.COM program does not handle file versions according to the International Standards Organization (ISO) 9660 specification." Read more about it at Microsoft's website.

Burn the newly created ISO with your favorite third party software and you're done. You can now install any edition of Microsoft Windows 7 using one DVD.

Burning an ISO

2010-07-07T16:36:00.000-07:00

An ISO is an image of an optical disk--a CD or DVD. ISO's are very useful to PC technicians. ISO's can be downloaded from the internet and burned to a CD or DVD. Also they can be a good way to store disks that are used often. If you scratch or lose a disk(i.e. leave it in a client's machine), simply burn another copy.

This post will show you how to burn an ISO with ImgBurn. ImgBurn is an excellent, light weight image burning utility. Of course, there are many other fine choices available, but ImgBurn is my personal favorite.

First, visit ImgBurn's site and download a copy. It's free and it supports other formats besides just ISO's.

After you download and install it, fire it up. The first screen that you'll see is the "Ez-Mode picker"

Choose the, "Write Image file to disc" option.

Next, you'll see this screen,

Choose the circled icon to select the ISO that you want to burn to disk. After selecting the ISO, you'll be presented with this screen,

Make sure that you have a blank CD or DVD in your burner and then press the button that is circled in the picture above. Next you'll see,

When it completes, that's it, you're done. You now have a freshly burned disk.

You can also create an ISO from optical media. When you fire up ImgBurn, simply choose, "Create Image file from disc" and follow the prompts. Of course, you should not use this software or any other software to make illegal copies of disks.

Importing Outlook Data

2010-06-23T09:36:00.000-07:00

When a new PC is purchased or the operating system is reinstalled, one common task is importing Outlook data. This is how all of your emails, calendar, contacts, tasks, and notes are saved. This isn't as difficult as some think. After setting up the email account, the .pst file, or Personal File Folder, needs to be imported.

First, make sure that hidden files and folders can be viewed.

To do this in XP, open My Documents (or any Windows Explorer window) and choose the Tools menu, then Folder Options. After the Folder Options window opens, select the View tab and then select 'Show hidden files, folders, or drives.' Press the Apply button and then OK.

In Vista and Windows 7, open My Documents (or any Windows Explorer window) and click 'Organize.' From the drop down, select 'Folder and search options.' After the Folder Options window opens, showing hidden files is the same as XP.

You can also find Folder Options in the Control Panel. This works on XP, Vista or Windows 7.

Depending on who will be using the PC, you may want to set it back to hiding files and folders after you have backed up the .pst file.

Now we can locate the .pst file. Navigate to:

In XP:

drive:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Outlook

In Vista or Window 7:

drive:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook\

Replace 'drive' with the drive on which Windows is installed. This is almost always C:. Replace <user> with the user name that you are currently working with.

You are looking for the .pst file. It is usually called Outlook.pst.

Back this up to a network drive, flash drive, optical media, or external USB drive. Of course, if you are to reinstall the operating system this must be done before formatting the hard drive.

Now, on the new PC or freshly installed PC, open Outlook, choose the File menu and then 'Import and Export...'

When the Import and Export Wizard window opens, select 'Import from another program or file' and then 'Next.'

After the 'Import a file' window opens, scroll down and select 'Personal Folder File(.pst)' and then 'Next.'

Select 'Browse' and then browse to the location of the .pst file that we backed up earlier. If this is in fact a fresh install or a new PC, it does not matter what you select as far as importing duplicates. Now, click 'Next' and your old emails, calendar, contacts, tasks, and notes have been imported.

Protecting Your PC From Malicious Software

2009-11-27T10:04:00.000-08:00

New threats are unleashed upon the internet each day. In this article, threats or malicious software (or malware) refer to a computer virus, worm, trojan, adware, scareware, or any other computer program designed to compromise your Personal Computer. Although, nothing is 100% foolproof, there are a few simple things that you can do to help keep your PC safer.

Install Anti-Virus Protection

First and foremost, install, run, and keep updated a good Anti-Virus program. I recommend AVG, Avira, Avast, or Microsoft Security Essentials. The first three have a free and a pay version. The pay versions offer a little wider protection. However, I recommend any of the three free versions for solid, basic protection. The fourth is a good, new, free product produced by Microsoft that is also worth considering.

You are, obviously, not restricted to these suggestions. But, you must choose something. Whatever your choice, make sure that you keep it running and up-to-date.

Keep Your System Updated

As new vulnerabilities and bugs are discovered, software companies issue patches, hotfixes, service packs, or updates to repair them. Keeping your software up-to-date is critical to protecting your system. As well as the security updates, you will also want to download and install any non-critical enhancements and added features.

Luckily, keeping Windows up-to-date is pretty simple. To immediately update your Windows XP system, follow this path, illustrated in the following short-hand:

Start>All Programs>Windows Update.

Select the Express method, then download and install the updates.

For Vista or Windows 7:

Start>All Programs>Windows Update.

Check for updates. Then download and install them.

But, even better than that, you should set your system to automatically update it's self. This is easy, as well. In Windows XP:

Start>Control Panel>Security Center>Automatic Updates>Select 'Automatic(Recommended)'

For Vista or Windows 7:

Start>All Program>Windows Update>Change Settings>

To keep up with the latest and greatest innovations on the internet, as well as the latest threats, your web browser must be kept up-to-date, too. If you insist on using Internet Explorer, following the above advice will keep your browser up-to-date along with Windows.

Other browers will keep themselves updated. You might see a pop-up asking you if you want to install updates now or later. Install them as soon as possible. You can check to make sure that you have the latest version on most browers: Help>Check for Updates...

Below is an example of Firefox's Software Update window.

Be sure to keep your Adobe products updated, as well.

To update Adobe Reader, again: Help>Check for Updates...

Check to see which version of Flash you have installed here. If you do not have the most recent version, download and install it.

Avoid Scams

Whether it's a link on a web site, in an email, in a chat room or a forum post, if it sounds too good to be true, it more than likely is. Avoid clicking any links congratulating you for winning a lottery that you didn't enter or offering free movie or music downloads. A lot of these sites host malicious software.

Be sure to avoid the scare tactics, too. Don't click on any links warning you that you are infected or that your system has been compromised. These are often scams looking to install malicious software on your PC or to get their hands on your wallet one way or another.

Logon With Limited Access

A study conducted a few months ago found that 92% of the vulnerabilties patched by Microsoft in 2008 could have had less impact if the users did not have administrative rights.

Here's what I suggest, give everyone that uses the computer an account with 'limited access.' The accounts with limited access will not have the ability to install new hardware or software. Therefore, you'll have to have one account with administrative privileges. Logon with this account only when you need to add a new account, install new software or hardware, or some other administrative task. Logon with the restricted account to check email, play online games, surf the web, or whatever you need to do on your computer.

Although there are registry hacks to show the Administrator account on the Welcome Screen, you'll probably find it easier to just create another account,

Give your new account a name, make the account type Computer Administrator, and create the account. After this new account is created, logon to your old account and change your account type to limited. Be sure to change any other user accounts to limited, as well.

You should give your new account a password if anyone besides yourself will use the computer. This includes anyone from co-workers to your kid's friends.

Thanks to Tim Biden for Tweeting about this study. Be sure to follow him.

Conclusion

As stated earlier, nothing can keep you 100% safe from the malicious software on the internet. But, following the above advice will tilt the odds in your favor.

Windows Keyboard Shortcuts

2009-10-07T19:51:00.000-07:00

Using Keyboard Shortcuts rather than always relying on the mouse can save a load of time and therefore, increase productivity. Here are a few of the most useful Windows Keyboard Shortcuts available. I encourage you to try them out for yourself. You may soon be wondering how you got along without them.

Ctrl-A: Select all the items in the current window
Ctrl-C: Copy
Ctrl-V: Paste
Ctrl-X: Cut
Ctrl-Z: Undo
Ctrl-Esc: Start Menu (Useful on some laptops that don't have a Windows Key)
Ctrl-Shift-Esc: Open Task Manager
Ctrl-Tab: Change Child Window(i.e. Change to next tab in web browser)

F5: Refreshes the current window.

Tab: Move to next dialog box

Home: Moves display to top of the active window.
End: Moves display to bottom of the active window.

In the following group, 'Win' refers to the key with the Windows Logo on it.
Win-D: Show Desktop
Win-E: Windows Explorer
Win-F: Search or Find files
Win-R: Open Run dialog box
Win-Break: System Properties Dialog Box
Win-F1: Windows Help & Support Center

Alt-Enter (or Double-Click): Properties for selected object.
Alt-Tab: Switch between open applications
Alt-F4: Close Application/Window
Alt-Esc: Cycle through programs in the order that they were opened.

Shift-F10: Alt-Menu (or Right-Click)
Shift-Delete: Permanently Delete (By passes Recycle Bin)

Windows Won't Boot!

2009-10-05T14:52:00.000-07:00

If you are trying to boot to Windows NT, 2000, or XP and receive any of the following errors:

Windows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt:

\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM

Windows NT could not start because the below file is missing or corrupt:

X:\WINNT\System32\Ntoskrnl.exe

Windows NT could not start because the below file is missing or corrupt:

X:\WINNT\System32\HAL.dll

NTLDR is Missing

Press any key to restart

Invalid boot.ini

Press any key to restart

Your boot.ini file is missing, corrupted, or has errors in it. The boot.ini file contains a list of the operating systems installed on the hard drive and the boot options associated with those operating systems.

To repair the boot.ini file and get Windows booting again, you must use the Recovery Console. The Recovery Console allows users to perform tasks, using a command line interface(CLI), that will allow Windows to boot again. More on the Recovery Console here.

To use the Recovery Console from an install disk, make sure that your PC is configured to boot to your optical drive(that is a CD or DVD drive) and boot to the install disk.

After Windows Setup has finshed loading, you will be presented with a menu like the following:

This portion of the Setup program prepares Microsoft(R)

Windows(R) XP to run on your computer.

To set up Windows XP now, press ENTER
To repair a Windows XP installation using Recovery Console, press R
To quit Setup without installing Windows XP, press F3

Of course, we want to press 'R' and use the Recovery Console.

Next you will be given a menu asking you to choose which Windows installation to log onto. Enter the number corosponding to the installation that needs to be repaired and press enter. Unless you have more than one operating system installed on your hard drive, you will only be presented with one option.

Now enter the Adminstrator password. If there isn't one, just press enter.

Now type 'cd ..' This will change directories to the root directory.

Next we need to delete the boot.ini file. To do so, the hidden, read only, and system file attributes must be removed. Enter the following commands:

C:\>attrib –h boot.ini

C:\>attrib –r boot.ini

C:\>attrib –s boot.ini

Now we can delete it

C:\>del boot.ini

Next we will use the bootcfg command. We will be using it to rebuild the bad boot.ini file that we just deleted. Read more about bootcfg here.

Enter the following command:

C:\>bootcfg /rebuild

After a few moments, you will see see a list of questions. The anwsers to these questions has been included:

Add installation to boot list? (Yes/No/All): Y

Enter Load Identifier: Microsoft Windows XP Professional Edition

Enter OS Load Options: /fastdetect /noexecute=optin

Obviously, the load identifier will change depending on which operating system you are working with. For further reading on the /fastdetect option. For more on /noexecute=optin

Your boot.ini file became corrupted somehow. Therefore, you should run the chkdsk utility to repair any errors on the harddrive. Please understand that this can take quite a while if you have a large hard drive or if you have a lot of errors. Enter the command:

C:\>chkdsk /r

Next enter the command:

C:\>fixboot

fixboot writes a new boot sector to the system partition.

That's all. We're done. You can now reboot by typing exit.

If Windows still won't boot, you will have to do a repair installation. More on that in an upcoming post.

Missing 'Safely Remove Hardware' Icon

2009-10-02T20:06:00.000-07:00

Here's a quick Windows' Tip. To properly remove a USB device, you should use the 'Safely Remove Hardware' icon which is located in the notification area of the task bar. The notification area is in the lower right corner, that is, the area where the clock is.

Simply unplugging a device without using 'Safely Remove Hardware' can cause damage to your files if, say, you are using an external USB storage device.

However, if the 'Safely Remove Hardware' icon is missing from the notification area, you can simply:

Press 'Start'(Also called the 'Windows Button')>Run>Then type 'RunDll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL hotplug.dll'

Now you can select the USB device that you wish to remove.

If you find that you need to do this often, you might want to create a desktop Shortcut. To do this, Right click an empty area on your desktop, Select 'New', then 'Shortcut', in the 'Type the location of the item:' dialog box enter 'RunDll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL hotplug.dll'. Enter a name for your shortcut and you are finished.

Double-click your new shortcut any time you need to remove a USB device.

Keyboard Skipping in Internet Explorer

2009-10-01T20:04:00.000-07:00

For my first post I thought that I'd write about a problem that I had at work today. A customer was having a problem with his keyboard randomly skipping keys. The problem only occurred when he was using Internet Explorer. Therefore, we could easily conclude that the problem was not hardware related. Otherwise the keyboard would skip no matter the application in use. We could also conclude that the problem must be related to Internet Explorer.

Since the user had a lot of tool bars installed, I suspected the problem was related to an Add-on. Internet Explorer 7 introduced a feature that allows it to be started without any of the Add-ons loaded. To accomplish this:

Start>All Programs>Accessories>System Tools>Internet Explorer(No Add-ons)

This proved my suspicion. The keyboard worked perfectly.

Next, I needed to figure out which of the Add-ons was causing the problem. To do this:

Tools>Manage Add-ons...>Select an Add-on>Select 'Disable'

One way to find our problem Add-on would be to disable each Add-on one-by-one until the offending Add-on is revealed. This may indeed be the only way.

If you know that an Add-on has been recently installed in Internet Explorer or for some reason you have a 'bad feeling' about one of the Add-ons, this would, obviously, be the place to start. Otherwise, disable them one at a time until the problem is resolved.